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81.
Shafqat Ali Khan Ghulam Dastagir Noor Ul Uza Akhtar Muhammad Rahim Ullah 《Microscopy research and technique》2020,83(6):636-646
The present study was conducted on characterization of morpho‐anatomical, phytochemical, and bio‐elemental analysis of root, stem, and leaf of Verbascum thapsus. Morphologically Verbascum is a biennial plant that flowers for a month and a half in mid‐ to late summer. Various organoleptic features of root, leaf, and stem were recorded. Anatomically the T. S of the root, stem, and leaf showed a typical dicot histological differentiation. Leaf possessed anomocytic stomata, crescent shape vascular bundles, and covered with long and stellate type trichomes while, stem contained collateral type of vascular bundles and a well‐developed pith to store phytochemicals responsible for various pharmacological activities. The powder drug study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various types of tissues. Branched, tree like and stellate trichomes in root and leaf help in absorption and reduce loss of water. These anatomical features are responsible for the survival of the plant as biennial. Four macro elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and seven microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Cd) and their concentrations in ppm were also studied using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed existence of various secondary metabolites, while mucilage and anthraquinones was not detected. The present study helps to understand the taxonomic identification of the plant based on morpho‐anatomical features and throws the attention of the researchers to carry out the work for developing its various formulations, which can ultimately be beneficial for the human beings as well as animals. 相似文献
82.
Coke powder is expected to be an excellent raw material to produce activated carbon because of its high carbon content. Potassium hydroxide (KOH), as an effective activation agent, was reported to be effective in activating coke powder. However, the microstructures development in the coke powder and its mechanisms when KOH was applied were still unclear. In this study, effects of KOH on the microstructure activation of coke powder were investigated using the surface area and pore structure analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS), etc. Results revealed that the addition KOH at its lower ratio (mass ratios of KOH and coke powder in a range of 0.5 and 1) decreased the specific surface area and average lateral sizes, but sharply increased of the specific surface area to 132 m2·g-1 and 355 m2·g-1 and decreased of the space size of aromatic crystallites upon the further increase of the KOH addition amounts (ratios of KOH and coke powder in a range of 3 and 7), generating a number of new micropores and mesopores. The mechanisms study implied surface reactions between KOH and aliphatic hydrocarbon side chain and other carbon functional groups of the coke powder to destruct aromatic crystallites in one dimension and broaden pores at lower KOH addition. In the activation process, KOH was decomposed to be more active components, which can be rapidly destruct the aromatic layers in spatial scope to form developed porous carbon structures within coke powder at higher KOH addition. 相似文献
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84.
Chenfan Yu Yuan Zhong Peng Zhang Zhenjun Zhang Congcong Zhao Zhefeng Zhang Zhijian Shen Wei Liu 《金属学报(英文版)》2020,33(4):539-550
The microstructure and fatigue and tensile properties of 316 L stainless steel fabricated via laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)were investigated.Two 316 L stainless steel specimens with different loading directions which are either perpendicular to or parallel to building direction were prepared by L-PBF process.The results of X-ray diffraction tomography showed that there was no significant difference in morphology and size/distribution of the defects in the HB and VB samples.Since long axis of columnar grains is generally parallel to the build direction,the fatigue crack encounters more grain boundaries in VB samples under cyclic loading,which led to enhanced fatigue resistance of VB samples compared with HB sample.In contrast to HB sample,the VB sample has a higher fatigue strength due to a higher resistance to localized plastic deformation under cyclic loading.The differences in fatigue properties of L-PBF 316 L SS with different build directions were predominantly controlled by solidification microstructures. 相似文献
85.
采用图像分析技术对4种不同方法制备的球形Ti-6Al-4V粉末进行粒形的定量分析,分别测量了粉末的球形度、椭圆率、赘生物指数及粗糙度。结果表明:4种方法制备的粉末平均球形度均在90%以上。等离子旋转电极雾化法(PREP)、等离子火炬雾化法(PA)、等离子惰性气体雾化法(PIGA)、电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制得粉末球形度依次降低,粗糙度依次增加。PREP、PA、EIGA、PIGA法制得粉末的表面卫星球粘附依次增加。对于PREP法制得粉末,粉末粒径范围越细,球形度越高,平均粗糙度越小。粉末粒形指标的差异与其制备方法的原理有关。采用图像分析技术可以实现对金属粉末粒形指标的科学定量分析。 相似文献
86.
《中国有色金属学会会刊》2020,30(12):3322-3332
This work aimed to investigate and critically analyze the differences in microstructural features and thermal stability of Cu−11.3Al−3.2Ni−3.0Mn−0.5Zr shape memory alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) and conventional powder metallurgy. PM specimens were produced by sintering 106−180 µm pre-alloyed powders under an argon atmosphere at 1060 °C without secondary operations. SLM specimens were consolidated through melting 32−106 µm pre-alloyed powders on a Cu−10Sn substrate. Mechanical properties were measured through Vickers hardness testing. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to assess the martensitic transformation temperatures. X-ray diffraction patterns were collected to identify the metallurgical phases. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the microstructural features. β′1 martensite was found, irrespective of the processing route, although coarser martensitic variants were present in PM-specimens. In conventional powder metallurgy samples, intergranular eutectoid constituents and stabilized austenite also formed at room temperature. PM-specimens showed similar average hardness values to the SLM-specimens, albeit with high standard deviation linked to the porosity. The specimens processed by SLM showed reversible martensitic transformation (T0=171 °C). PM-processed specimens did not show shape memory effects. 相似文献
87.
Joseph R. Carazzone Christophe L. Martin Zachary C. Cordero 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2020,103(9):4754-4773
Cracking during sintering is a common problem in powder processing and is usually caused by constraint that prevents the sintering material from shrinking in one or more directions. Different factors influence sintering-induced cracking, including temperature schedule, packing density, and specimen geometry. Here we use the discrete element method to directly observe the stress distribution and sinter-cracking behavior in edge notched panels sintered under a uniaxial restraint. This geometry allows an easy comparison with traditional fracture mechanics parameters, facilitating analysis of sinter-cracking behavior. We find that cracking caused by self-stress during sintering resembles the growth of creep cracks in fully dense materials. By deriving the constrained densification rate from the appropriate constitutive equations, we discover that linear shrinkage transverse to the loading axis is accelerated by a contribution from the effective Poisson's ratio of a sintering solid. Simulation of different notch geometries and initial relative densities reveals conditions that favor densification and minimize crack growth, alluding to design methods for avoiding cracking in actual sintering processes. We combine the far-field stress and crack length to compute the net section stress, finding that it characterizes the stress profile between the notches and correlates with the sinter-crack growth rate, demonstrating its potential to quantitatively describe sinter-cracking. 相似文献
88.
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90.
在Fe-As(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-H2O体系中, 研究了酸性废水中As(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)与金属铁粉的反应行为, 考察了反应过程中As在气、液、固三相中的分配比。结果表明, As(Ⅲ)和Cu(Ⅱ)离子被Fe还原为单质As和Cu后, As、Cu进一步结合成Cu5As2等金属间化合物, 从而促进As(Ⅲ)沉淀反应的发生, 且无AsH3生成。在反应时间40min、铁粉过量系数1.2、溶液初始pH=0.0、温度40 ℃、Cu/As摩尔比1.0条件下, As在气、液、固三相中的分配比分别为0、20.7%和79.3%, 沉砷率为79.3%。 相似文献